2  Illustration of the Physical Process

An illustration of the effects of energy and material deposition on the mixing on a simple target material is shown in figure 2. The original material structure consists of a material M3 with a single layer of a mixture of a material M2 with M3 (in ratio 40:60) and it is bombarded with species of material M1, the primary particles. Sharp interfaces that define the layer.
In figure 2(a) the original material structure is shown. At dose f = 0 the particle yield will only consist of species M3, since all the particles in the near-surface region are of material M3. The effect of the incident particles on the layer of material M2/M3 is negligible as the energy and range functions of the bombarding particles are not significant there.
A typical situation at dose f1 is shown in figure 2(b). The physical process causes the surface to recede. The bombarding or primary species accumulates in the surface region to give the concentration curve q1(X). In order to accommodate the primary material, the concentration of the material q3(X) has been reduced from unity. In turn, the yield concentration of species M3 is reduced from the initial dose level and the yield of the primary species is increased.
In figure 2(c) a small concentration of material M2 has reached the surface layer and the yield now consists of particles of all three species. The energy deposition is now also affecting the second interface, which has become slightly smoothed.

Figure 2. (a) Original material structure; (b) material distribution and particle emision at dose phi_1; (c) material distribution and particle emision at dose phi_2.