6  Solution of the Eigenvalue Problem

In this section the eigenvalue problem for the same domain as in the previous section is considered. The boundary conditions (in the form of section 2.6) are such that j(p) = 0 for 0 < p1 < 1 and v(p)=0 on the remainder of the boundary. The shell condition is such that n(p)=V(p)=0 for all points on the shell.

6.1  Direct and Indirect Non-linear Eigenvalue Problems

From (19) and (20) it follows that the approximation to the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions on the boundary and shell are given by finding the solution of the non-linear eigenvalue problem

é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
(Mk,SS + 1

2
ISS )
- Lk,SS
0S G
- Mk,S G
DaSS
DbSS
0S G
0S G
Mk,GS
- Lk,GS
IGG
-Mk,GG
Nk,GS
-Mtk,GS
0GG
-Nk,GG
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
~
j
 

S 
~
v
 

S 
~
F
 

G 
~
d
 

G 
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
= é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
0S
0S
0G
0G
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
(21)
for the direct method and

é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
ISS
0SS
- Lk,SS
0S G
- Mk,S G
0SS
ISS
-(Mtk,SS + 1

2
ISS)
0S G
- Nk,S G
DaSS
DbSS
0SS
0S G
0S G
0GS
0GS
- Lk,GS
IGG
- Mk,GG
0GS
0GS
- Mtk,GS
0GG
- Nk,GG
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
~
j
 

S 
~
v
 

S 
~
s
 

S 
~
F
 

G 
~
d
 

G 
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
= é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
0S
0S
0S
0G
0G
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
(22)
for the indirect method. The approximation to the eigenfunction in the domain can the be obtained through the substitution of the results from the eigenvectors into the discrete form of equation (5) for the direct method and the discrete form of (10) for the indirect method.

6.2  Method of Solution

The eigenvalue problems (21) and (22) both have the form
Ak
~
m
 
= 0
(23)
where each component of Ak is a continuously differentiable complex-valued function of k. Non-linear eigenvalue problems of this form are considered in [11-13].
In this paper the eigenvalue problem is solved using the method introduced in Kirkup and Amini [8]. This method involves approximating Ak by a matrix polynomial in an interval [kA, kB] of real values of k,
Ak » A[0] + k A[1] + ... + km A[m]   for k real.
(24)
The non-linear eigenvalue problem (23) can be replaced with the following eigenvalue problem
[A[0] + k A[1] + ... + km A[m]]m = 0.
(25)
The solutions of (25) are the same as those of the following generalised linear eigenvalue problem

é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
A[0]
A[1]
A[2]
.
.
A[m-2]
A[m-1]
0
I
0
.
.
0
0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0
0
0
.
.
I
0
0
0
0
.
.
0
I
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
m
k m
:
km-2 m
km-1 m
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
(26)

               =   k  é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
0
0
0
.
.
0
-A[m]
I
0
0
.
.
0
0
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0
0
0
.
.
0
0
0
0
0
.
.
I
0
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
é
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ê
ë
m
k m
:
km-2 m
km-1 m
ù
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
ú
û
  .
Equation (26) is amenable to solution by the QZ algorithm [14], which may be invoked, for example, via NAG routine F02GJF [15]. Methods for solving problems of the form (25) are considered in references [12,13,15]. On solution, the eigenvalues k* include the approximations to the eigenfrequencies of the Helmholtz problem. Spurious solutions to (26) are also obtained but these can be easily excluded, for further details on this see Kirkup and Amini [8].
The approximation to the eigenfunctions in D can be recovered through the substitution of the relevant sub-vectors of the computed eigenvectors into the discrete form of equation (5) for the direct method or (10) for the indirect method.
In this paper the method employed for deriving the polynomial approximation (24) involves computing Ak at the m+1 Chebyshev (¥ norm) interpolation points for any selected range [kA, kB]. The coefficient matrices A[0], A[1], ..., A[m] in (24) are obtained through Newton's divided differences. The generalised eigenvalue problem (26) is then solved through invoking NAG routine F02GJF.